關於公廁,十本書寫不完。
打算重訪(我不太喜歡的)威尼斯,近日做功課,發現公廁新事物:公廁通行證!
話說威尼斯持續下沉,原因小半天災,大半人禍。人禍,不單是自作孽搞到全球暖化水位上升,更慘是遊客多如蝗蟲,踩沉水城。有見及此,威尼斯當局推出Venice Connected網站,以折扣價錢出售transport pass,museum pass之類東西,折扣多少視乎旺淡季或週中週末,條件是遊客要提早預訂,而且要訂明到達日期,所有通行證必須當日啟用,不能更改。估計當局希望通過此網站服務鼓勵遊客在“非繁忙時間”到訪,而且可以比較有效預計每天到訪旅客總數吧。
回到正題。在林林總總通行證中,赫然發現有所謂公廁通行證!以9月底一個平日計,原本3歐羅的1天公廁通行證減至2歐羅,7天通行證由9歐羅減至7歐羅。
且慢高興!!!
跟交通證不同,買了公廁通行證不代表在有效期內任意通暢。規例訂明,持1天公廁通行證者,只能免費進入公廁兩次。七天的,10次而已,即每天平均不到一次半。
超過限額,怎辦?光顧咖啡廳博物館順便方便一下,拿出零錢逐次付費(1.5歐羅),以急為由強行闖入,或旁若無人河邊解決,自行決定。
(使用者抱怨,威尼斯公廁只得幾個,而且位置不適中,拿著公廁通行證有時得物無所用)
2010-07-25
2010-07-24
不是我的家
我在老來傾向那一邊的留言討論中,提到大學畢業踏足社會後,很快產生一種像Jim Croce唱New York's Not My Home一樣的“香港不是我的家”的感覺。
純樸鄉下仔Jim Croce到紐約謀音樂發展機會,不久發覺孤單無奈格格不入,領會紐約不是他的家,於是歸田園居,並在後來寫下這首歌。
(Jim Croce - The Official Site)
(Songfacts: New York's Not My Home by Jim Croce)
Well things were spinnin' round me, and all my thoughts were cloudy
And I had begun to doubt all the things that were me
Been in so many places, you know I've run so many races
And looked into the empty faces of the people of the night
And something is just not right ... 'cause I know
That I gotta get out of here, I'm so alone
Don't you know that I gotta get out of here
'Cause New York's not my home
Though all the streets are crowded, there's something strange about it
Lived there 'bout a year and I never once felt at home
I thought I'd make the big time, I learned a lot of lessons awful quick
And now I'm tellin' you, that they were not the nice kind
And it's been so long since I have felt fine ... that's the reason
That I gotta get out of here, I'm so alone
Don't you know that I gotta get out of here
'Cause New York's not my home
跟Jim Croce不同,我不是要get out of香港返回一個熟知而美好的地方。我當時只是覺得,世界上也許有比香港美好一點的地方...
談到“不是我的家”,自然也要提提羅大佑。他在鹿港小鎮中,訴說“台北不是我的家”:
(部分歌詞)
假如你先生來自鹿港小鎮 請問你是否看見我的爹娘
我家就住在媽祖廟的後面 賣著香火的那家小雜貨店
假如你先生來自鹿港小鎮 請問你是否看見我的愛人
想當年我離家時她一十八 有一顆善良的心和一卷長髮
台北不是我的家 我的家鄉沒有霓虹燈
鹿港的街道 鹿港的漁村 媽祖廟裡燒香的人們
台北不是我的家 我的家鄉沒有霓虹燈
鹿港的清晨 鹿港的黃昏 徘徊在文明裡的人們
假如你先生回到鹿港小鎮 請問你是否告訴我的爹娘
台北不是我想像的黃金天堂 都市裡沒有當初我的夢想
在夢裡我再度回到鹿港小鎮 廟裡膜拜的人們依然虔誠
歲月掩不住爹娘純樸的笑容 夢中的姑娘依然長髮迎空
鹿港小鎮是羅大佑的少作,稍嫌作態,也有“參考”Jim Croce的痕跡。此外,其實羅大佑既不是鹿港人,也不是鄉下仔,甚至作曲時根本未去過鹿港。據他在《童年》一書夫子自道,他大六那年從台中上台北見習,驚覺農村景觀迅速消失,代之而來的是個花花世界,令他覺得有一種失去純樸生活的感覺,於是借題發揮,以一個來自鹿港的夢碎人的口中呼喊:台北不是我的家!
離鄉別井,到大都會碰機會,除了高呼大都會不是我的家外,同樣可以大喊鄉下仍是我的家!澳洲仔Peter Allen遠赴美國闖天下,雖然歌唱成就有限,但他作的曲,卻一再被別人唱紅,算是當時的樂壇名人。1980年,他唱作I Still Call Australia Home,結果紅遍祖家30年!
曾堯角落:百看不厭好廣告
I've been to cities that never close down
From New York to Rio and old London town
But no matter how far or how wide I roam, I still call Australia home
I'm always travelIing, I love being free
And so I keep leaving the sun and the sea
But my heart lies waiting over the foam, I still call Australia home
All the sons and daughters spinning 'round the world
Away from their family and friends
but as the world gets older and colder
It's good to know where your journey ends
Someday we'll all be together once more
When all of the ships come back to the shore
I'll realise something I've always known, I still call Australia home
當然,信神的會跟你說,整個世界都不是我的家,我的家很遠很遠...
--------------------
Home is where you heart is
此心安處是吾家
純樸鄉下仔Jim Croce到紐約謀音樂發展機會,不久發覺孤單無奈格格不入,領會紐約不是他的家,於是歸田園居,並在後來寫下這首歌。
(Songfacts: New York's Not My Home by Jim Croce)
Well things were spinnin' round me, and all my thoughts were cloudy
And I had begun to doubt all the things that were me
Been in so many places, you know I've run so many races
And looked into the empty faces of the people of the night
And something is just not right ... 'cause I know
That I gotta get out of here, I'm so alone
Don't you know that I gotta get out of here
'Cause New York's not my home
Though all the streets are crowded, there's something strange about it
Lived there 'bout a year and I never once felt at home
I thought I'd make the big time, I learned a lot of lessons awful quick
And now I'm tellin' you, that they were not the nice kind
And it's been so long since I have felt fine ... that's the reason
That I gotta get out of here, I'm so alone
Don't you know that I gotta get out of here
'Cause New York's not my home
跟Jim Croce不同,我不是要get out of香港返回一個熟知而美好的地方。我當時只是覺得,世界上也許有比香港美好一點的地方...
談到“不是我的家”,自然也要提提羅大佑。他在鹿港小鎮中,訴說“台北不是我的家”:
(部分歌詞)
假如你先生來自鹿港小鎮 請問你是否看見我的爹娘
我家就住在媽祖廟的後面 賣著香火的那家小雜貨店
假如你先生來自鹿港小鎮 請問你是否看見我的愛人
想當年我離家時她一十八 有一顆善良的心和一卷長髮
台北不是我的家 我的家鄉沒有霓虹燈
鹿港的街道 鹿港的漁村 媽祖廟裡燒香的人們
台北不是我的家 我的家鄉沒有霓虹燈
鹿港的清晨 鹿港的黃昏 徘徊在文明裡的人們
假如你先生回到鹿港小鎮 請問你是否告訴我的爹娘
台北不是我想像的黃金天堂 都市裡沒有當初我的夢想
在夢裡我再度回到鹿港小鎮 廟裡膜拜的人們依然虔誠
歲月掩不住爹娘純樸的笑容 夢中的姑娘依然長髮迎空
鹿港小鎮是羅大佑的少作,稍嫌作態,也有“參考”Jim Croce的痕跡。此外,其實羅大佑既不是鹿港人,也不是鄉下仔,甚至作曲時根本未去過鹿港。據他在《童年》一書夫子自道,他大六那年從台中上台北見習,驚覺農村景觀迅速消失,代之而來的是個花花世界,令他覺得有一種失去純樸生活的感覺,於是借題發揮,以一個來自鹿港的夢碎人的口中呼喊:台北不是我的家!
離鄉別井,到大都會碰機會,除了高呼大都會不是我的家外,同樣可以大喊鄉下仍是我的家!澳洲仔Peter Allen遠赴美國闖天下,雖然歌唱成就有限,但他作的曲,卻一再被別人唱紅,算是當時的樂壇名人。1980年,他唱作I Still Call Australia Home,結果紅遍祖家30年!
I've been to cities that never close down
From New York to Rio and old London town
But no matter how far or how wide I roam, I still call Australia home
I'm always travelIing, I love being free
And so I keep leaving the sun and the sea
But my heart lies waiting over the foam, I still call Australia home
All the sons and daughters spinning 'round the world
Away from their family and friends
but as the world gets older and colder
It's good to know where your journey ends
Someday we'll all be together once more
When all of the ships come back to the shore
I'll realise something I've always known, I still call Australia home
當然,信神的會跟你說,整個世界都不是我的家,我的家很遠很遠...
--------------------
Home is where you heart is
此心安處是吾家
假大空經濟學?
大家可能知道,經濟學分微觀和宏觀經濟學。前者(即Microeconomics)研究的是個人的經濟行為,後者(即Macroeconomics)看的是總體的經濟表現。
經濟學雖然好像也理應跟民生民眾息息相關,但由於種種原因,這門“科學”發展至今,一般人(即使是其他領域的學者)幾乎一定讀不懂經濟學者的學術文章。
近日,美國眾議院科技委員會底下的一個小組為經濟學舉行了一場聽證會,找來五位學者為“建構一門與現實世界攸關的經濟科學”(Building a Science of Economics for the Real World)發表意見。聽證會的由來,是因為政客覺得在當前經濟危機下,理該審視現代宏觀經濟學的期許與缺失(examine the promise and limits of modern macroeconomic theory in light of the current economic crisis)。
這幾篇發言,雖不算上乘之作,但也不無洞見。再者,篇篇易懂易明,美國政客跟我們這些小市民讀來應有得著。其中特別推薦Robert Solow的精簡發言。不要看Solow已80多歲,從發言看,這位為現代經濟學的建立與發展立下汗馬之功的元老級學者思路仍很清晰。
宏觀經濟學=假大空經濟學?宏觀經濟計量模型=脫離現實自說自話的數學遊戲?自己下結論吧。
經濟學雖然好像也理應跟民生民眾息息相關,但由於種種原因,這門“科學”發展至今,一般人(即使是其他領域的學者)幾乎一定讀不懂經濟學者的學術文章。
近日,美國眾議院科技委員會底下的一個小組為經濟學舉行了一場聽證會,找來五位學者為“建構一門與現實世界攸關的經濟科學”(Building a Science of Economics for the Real World)發表意見。聽證會的由來,是因為政客覺得在當前經濟危機下,理該審視現代宏觀經濟學的期許與缺失(examine the promise and limits of modern macroeconomic theory in light of the current economic crisis)。
這幾篇發言,雖不算上乘之作,但也不無洞見。再者,篇篇易懂易明,美國政客跟我們這些小市民讀來應有得著。其中特別推薦Robert Solow的精簡發言。不要看Solow已80多歲,從發言看,這位為現代經濟學的建立與發展立下汗馬之功的元老級學者思路仍很清晰。
宏觀經濟學=假大空經濟學?宏觀經濟計量模型=脫離現實自說自話的數學遊戲?自己下結論吧。
Economic theory is always and inevitably too simple; that can not be helped. But it is all the more important to keep pointing out foolishness wherever it appears. ... I do not think that the currently popular DSGE models pass the smell test. They take it for granted that the whole economy can be thought about as if it were a single, consistent person or dynasty carrying out a rationally designed, long-term plan, occasionally disturbed by unexpected shocks, but adapting to them in a rational, consistent way. I do not think that this picture passes the smell test. The protagonists of this idea make a claim to respectability by asserting that it is founded on what we know about microeconomic behavior, but I think that this claim is generally phony.
The point I am making is that the DSGE model has nothing useful to say about anti-recession policy because it has built into its essentially implausible assumptions the “conclusion” that there is nothing for macroeconomic policy to do. I think we have just seen how untrue this is for an economy attached to a highly-leveraged, weakly-regulated financial system. But I think it was just as visibly false in earlier recessions (and in episodes of inflationary overheating) that followed quite different patterns. There are other traditions with better ways to do macroeconomics.
One can find other, more narrowly statistical, reasons for believing that the DSGE approach is not a good way to understand macroeconomic behavior, but this is not the time to go into them. An interesting question remains as to why the macroeconomics profession led itself down this particular garden path. Perhaps we can come to that later.
The point I am making is that the DSGE model has nothing useful to say about anti-recession policy because it has built into its essentially implausible assumptions the “conclusion” that there is nothing for macroeconomic policy to do. I think we have just seen how untrue this is for an economy attached to a highly-leveraged, weakly-regulated financial system. But I think it was just as visibly false in earlier recessions (and in episodes of inflationary overheating) that followed quite different patterns. There are other traditions with better ways to do macroeconomics.
One can find other, more narrowly statistical, reasons for believing that the DSGE approach is not a good way to understand macroeconomic behavior, but this is not the time to go into them. An interesting question remains as to why the macroeconomics profession led itself down this particular garden path. Perhaps we can come to that later.
2010-07-22
老來傾向那一邊
林老(林行止)臨老左傾。用他自己的話說:「西哲」說年輕人大多傾向社會主義,成熟後大都成為資本主義信徒。筆者的思想歷程剛相反;這三四十年看到太多不公平現象,思想自然微微向左傾斜!
究竟那個西哲,說過甚麽?各有說法。比較流行的版本是:30歲前不是社會主義者,無情;30歲後還是社會主義者,無腦。即是說,年青人思想多較左傾,但會隨年月增長漸向右移。
這說法當然不是放諸四海皆準。我覺得比較接近“真理”的說法應該是,年青人思想一般較偏激較理想化,然後慢慢現實起來。
其實,細心想想,當代“正統”經濟學說也是一套非常偏激非常理想化不顧現實的思想體系。所以,有人年青時偏執地信奉這套學說,老來漸漸修正,實不足為奇。臨老右傾,見得多。臨老左傾,也不怪。
----------
至於我自己,深愛自由包容痛恨極權,經濟學上可算屬於市場派,但對當代“正統”經濟學很不以為然,也不會迷信市場萬應萬靈神聖不可侵犯。對於政府規範調節市場,分配收入福利,一般抱正面態度逐一審視。
至於隨著歲月傾向那一邊?再向左多走幾步。不喜歡今日的香港,也不想再做香港人。
究竟那個西哲,說過甚麽?各有說法。比較流行的版本是:30歲前不是社會主義者,無情;30歲後還是社會主義者,無腦。即是說,年青人思想多較左傾,但會隨年月增長漸向右移。
這說法當然不是放諸四海皆準。我覺得比較接近“真理”的說法應該是,年青人思想一般較偏激較理想化,然後慢慢現實起來。
其實,細心想想,當代“正統”經濟學說也是一套非常偏激非常理想化不顧現實的思想體系。所以,有人年青時偏執地信奉這套學說,老來漸漸修正,實不足為奇。臨老右傾,見得多。臨老左傾,也不怪。
----------
至於我自己,深愛自由包容痛恨極權,經濟學上可算屬於市場派,但對當代“正統”經濟學很不以為然,也不會迷信市場萬應萬靈神聖不可侵犯。對於政府規範調節市場,分配收入福利,一般抱正面態度逐一審視。
至於隨著歲月傾向那一邊?再向左多走幾步。不喜歡今日的香港,也不想再做香港人。
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