熟悉基督教史、紅樓夢翻譯史或中西文學交流史的人,看了本文的標題恐怕不免愕然。世人知道的馬禮遜(Robert Morrison)是第一位來華的基督教傳教士,翻譯了中文聖經,也編印了第一部中英文字典,他甚麼時候也翻譯了紅樓夢?而且向來公認的紅樓夢第一位英文譯者,不就是1830年發表作品的德庇時(John F. Davis)嗎?
沒錯,馬禮遜在1813年已翻譯了一部份的紅樓夢,比他的中文學生德庇時早了十七年。在倫敦大學東方及非洲研究院(SOAS)圖書館的檔案庫中,堆放著幾百個馬禮遜所屬的倫敦傳教會檔案紙盒,在中國部分的一個卷宗裡,就收藏著馬禮遜的紅樓夢譯稿和其他作品。歷來翻閱馬禮遜檔案的人不知凡幾,但大家重視的是他的聖經與傳教作品的翻譯,似乎無人關注這些已經沈睡了整整兩百年的紅樓夢譯稿。
馬禮遜在1814年初將紅樓夢等譯稿寄回英國後,就如石沈大海沒了下文, ... 不論未出版的原因究竟如何,這一耽擱的結果是馬禮遜錯失了紅樓夢第一位英文譯者之名。他既然志在救人靈魂傳教,而非文學翻譯傳世,又已享有最早傳播基督教來華和創編中英文字典等重要的歷史地位,他也許不會太介意在紅樓夢英譯上的失落。但是,如今他兩百年前的手稿俱在,年代也確切可考,則追本溯源,紅樓夢英譯的開端應該從1830年往前推到1813年才是!
附:
Wikipedia: Dream of the Red Chamber
The first recorded attempt at translating the novel into English was done by the noted Protestant missionary and sinologist Robert Morrison (1782–1834) in 1812 when he translated part of chapter four of the novel for the purpose of having it published in the second volume of his 1812 book Horae Sincae (unfortunately, this book was never published). In 1816, Morrison did publish a translation of a conversation from chapter 31 in his Chinese language textbook Dialogues and Detached Sentences in the Chinese Language. In 1819, a short excerpt from chapter 3 was translated by the famous British diplomat and sinologist John Francis Davis (1795–1890) and published in the London Journal Quarterly Review. Davis also published a poem from chapter 3 of the novel in 1830 in the Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society.
(Source: Gray, Ronald “The Stone’s Curious Voyage to the West: A Brisk Overview of Honglou meng’s English Translation History and English Hongxue.” Journal of Sino-Western Communication 3.2 (December, 2011))
沒有留言:
發佈留言